Examining Netflixs Business Model

Examining Netflixs Business Model Analyze Netflixs business model? How does Netflix change the video distribution industry? Business Model Business Model describes how a company produces, delivers and sells a service or product to create value for its customers, shareholders and other stakeholders. Netflix a pioneer in the online DVD subscription services operates in the in-home entertainment video market. In-home distribution channels include home video rental and retail outlets, cable and satellite television, pay-per-view, VOD (video-on-demand), internet streaming and broadcast television. (Source:- Netflix Annual Report 2005 Section Industry Overview) Netflix started operations in 1997 and relied on the DVD format as the medium of in-home entertainment, although this format of viewing was restricted to a small population of affluent, technology-savvy customer base. Over a period of time DVD became accepted as the choice and its penetration into every household rose exponentially. Netflixs business model revolves around its home-grown proprietary software Cinematch which powers its website and a comprehensive information system to manage operations. The comprehensive information system allows it to manage and integrate business across order processing, customer service and fulfilment operations. This leads to maximum utilization of library and operate with a decreased number of customer reps. It had 100 customer reps to handle 115,000 customers in the early days, now it has 43 to handle 3.2 million customers. From a business perspective management, organizational and technical elements are aligned towards customer focussed innovations. Warehouse workers get free Netflix subscriptions and DVD players. Corporate Employees are kept happy with perks so that they are eager to solve tough engineering problems to improve user experience. Netflix and the video distribution industry Netflix changed the video distribution from a store based rental channel to an online subscription based distribution channel. The web-site enables subscription account signup and management, personalized movie merchandising, inventory optimization and customer support (Source:- Netflix Annual Report 2009). Coupled with features such as social networking (Friends) and queue management (Profiles) it compares each subscribers movie preferences derived from the individuals past ratings and rental patterns with preferences of other users contained in the database and comes up with personalized movie recommendations unique to each subscriber. The company leveraged on the power of Internet and technology to achieve two purposes (a) Enhance customer experience by providing them a web-based portal tailored to individual preferences. It comes up with a customer specific recommendation list based on the individuals ratings of past viewings. Customers can set up their queues and receive delivery through mail. There is no return deadline; no charges and the DVDs can be mailed back through pre-paid envelopes. (b) Enhance operational efficiency Traditional Video rental retail outlets would have to compromise on the number of titles available in each of its stores because of space constraints. Netflix has an advantage in being able to offer a much wider range of titles since the stock is piled in its warehouses. One of its core business strengths is its vast catalogue of not so popular and old time movies and TV show content which is cost effective to procure and profitable to sell, but is not available in conventional retail stores. Cinematch also avoids suggesting out-of-stock movies and ensures maximum utilization of inventory. An effective and comprehensive Information system enables it to distribute DVDs from the nearest warehouse through US Mail. There are 100 shipping points across the United States which enables the company to provide delivery in one business days for 97% of its customers. Advantages and Disadvantages to potential customers Advantages Personalized DVD rental services and movies through internet streaming. The recommendation software is quite accurate and is built on the customers historic choices and ratings. Coupled with the social networking feature (Friends) it avoids the customer to go through the hassles of selecting and ending up with something he does not like. Availability of a wide range of not so popular and old titles which are not available in a conventional DVD rental stores. Disadvantages The recommendation software purposefully omits out-of-stock titles and hence influences the choice of the customer. It is intentionally slowing down delivery to high volume customers which are not so profitable. Instead it gives a preference to the low volume members. Hence preferential treatment is given to the more profitable low volume customers. Ability to fight competition and sustain its own markets (Source: Annual Report 2009. From Sec Filings of 2010 Subscribers have increased to 20,010(in thousands), Revenues have increased to $2,162 Million and Net Income has increased to $161 Million) Netflix has continued to increase its subscription base, revenues and net income over the years. The following analysis is based on how information systems can address Porters competitive forces model Traditional Competitors, New Market Entrants, Substitute Products and Services, Customers and Suppliers Low-cost Leadership Netflix uses its information systems to ensure maximum utilization of inventory and avoiding recommending out-of-stock titles. The information system integrates order processing and customer service and this has given it a cost advantage with increase in scale of operations, driving down per-unit cost and Netflix has been able to price its service offering at levels difficult for competition to meet. Product Differentiation Netflixs personalized web based movie selection services and technological innovations in the movie recommendation algorithm are a huge entry barrier for new entrants. Although the software and technology is not hard to replicate Netflix has the advantage of a database of over half a billion movie ratings and takes in more than a million new ones every day. Focus on market niche Unlike competitors like Amazon, Netflix has built its information systems targeted to the in-home entertainment industry. It has engaged with partners to expand the number of devices which can support streaming videos from Netflix. Strengthen Customer and Supplier Intimacy Almost 60% of the movies customers put in their queue comes from Netflixs recommendation system and ensures customers run a lesser risk of wasting time on a movie that they will not enjoy. This increases the switching costs for the customer. Although the case study does not state anything explicitly, the annual reports of 2010 indicate that Netflix obtains content through streaming content license agreements, DVD direct purchases and DVD and streaming revenue sharing agreements with studios, distributors and other suppliers and our assumption is that suppliers would benefit from Netflixs recommendation software which could boost up sales of their not so popular titles. All new titles do not end up becoming blockbusters and the less popular ones could get recommended to customers with specific preferences based on Cinematch algorithm. Competitive strengths of Netflix include an iconic brand, personalized merchandising, growing scale without substantial increase in cost and an information system catering to convenience, selection and fast delivery. Principal competitors are DVD rental outlets and kiosk services, such as Blockbuster, Movie Gallery and Redbox (Source: Netflix Annual Reports 2010) Video package providers with pay-per-view and VOD content including cable providers, such as Time Warner and Comcast; direct broadcast satellite providers, such as DIRECTV and Echostar; and telecommunication providers such as ATT and Verizon (Source: Netflix Annual Reports 2010) Online DVD subscription rental web sites, such as Blockbuster Online (Source: Netflix Annual Reports 2010) Entertainment video retail stores, such as Best Buy, Wal-Mart and Amazon.com (Source: Netflix Annual Reports 2010) Internet movie and TV content providers, such as Apples iTunes, Amazon.com, Hulu.com and Googles YouTube. (Source: Netflix Annual Reports 2010) Popularity of alternative entertainment mediums which can be distributed using a similar business model like Netflix (Example Gaming CD and DVDs) Threats Currently the time for distribution in DVD format is shorter than release to other mediums (VOD, premium TV etc) after a theatrical release of a movie. This gives a competitive advantage to the DVD market. However this competitive advantage may go if the distribution to these multiple formats happens simultaneously. The proprietary technology and information systems are also based on a certain historic scale of operations which has increased substantially and this could lead to systemic disruptions and negatively impact operations. The DVD format would probably give way to Internet movie and TV content providers and Netflix would be left stranded with its warehouse and sophisticated mail handling systems. However the one thing which will continue to survive is CINEMATCH and its database of billions of movie ratings which will give a competitive edge to Netflix when it decides to switch over to other formats of movie distribution. AOL, Yahoo to Charge for Email Question: Yahoo and AOL are relying on some durable economic laws to support there new email product. What are these? What are the new opportunities that they can exploit by Certified mail product? Durable economy: Assumption: 1. Net Neutrality Legislation will not be approved by the congress. 2. Certified mails also have an opt-out feature that allows recipients to unsubscribe. A sustainable or durable economy requires the development of programs, policies, and implementable initiatives that encourage activities that will empower communities and conservation of resources; promote environmental justice; preserve ways-of-life; and promote by example and through discourse the ideas of ecological and participatory democracy and its real world implications. The basic principal of economy is to distribute the scare resource to most needy ones. In reference to this caselet, the spam mails are using the network bandwidth preventing the internet users to do there legitimate work. The real value produced by information providers comes in locating, filtering and communicating what is useful to the consumer. The certified email service allows email service providers to deliver only the legitimate emails to end users. As the legitimacy and the background of the email originators are already verified by the service providers like GoodMail, this will help in reducing the spam detection cost for AOL and Yahoo. Also, spam and Phishing is bigger threat to web based mail users. To keep the user experience, companies spending huge amount of money to reduce the spam. The fundamental factors that determine the profitability is industry structure and sustainable competitive advantage. By offering these service AOL and Yahoo can out perform there competit ion. There aint no such thing as a free lunch .The economic theory, and also the lay opinion, that whatever goods and services are provided, they must be paid for by someone. The information production and delivery systems requires significant amount of investment in Hardware, Software, network systems. To sustain this business, they need to recover the cost and make profit. The free mail based service cost the mail service providers close to $10-$12 per user. By charging the business to deliver there message to its users, they can recover this cost. Yahoo, AOL mail users will also benefit from this as the information sent to there inbox is useful to them and also they will have an option to unsubscribe these certified mails if they wish too. The business will be willing to pay these charges for sending the mails as this toll will allow them maximize there ROI. Opportunities for AOL and Yahoo: Customer care in a service-based industry and priority email delivery In the information age, service based industry rely heavily on email based communication. Companies want to make sure that, there product information, quires and customer concerns are addressed in stipulated time. The internet traffic is growing year by year and which creating the bandwidth issues. Yahoo and AOL can start the priority email service (similar to the Fedx, USPS, US post which charges for faster delivery) where they can provide the guarantee of delivering mails and to user inbox in stipulated time by charging the legitimate fees. They can work with ISPS to prioritize there mail traffic by sharing the revenue they earn. Eg. Distributed Document Processing services. Govt agencies wanting to reach out to mass public to explain there policies. Yahoo and AOL can offer products to government agencies where they can deliver there communication directly to users inbox. On line Advertising By collecting information about their interests, what particulars mail users want ( based on the responses to the certified mails),Yahoo and AOL can customize adds that can be displayed alongside users mail box page. Reduce the spam and provide security to there users. Phishing and online identity theft are the fastest-growing threats to the email users. By using certified email service Yahoo and AOL can fight the spams better which will help in en-reaching the user experience. This will attract more users.

Youth Violence Essay

Youth Violence Essay Youth violence is increasing and quickly becoming one of the major concerns in American today. Frequent youth violence can be found at schoolyard, at home, outside, and everywhere in the community. Why dont people ask themselves what is making the youth today so violent, and is there anything they can do to stop this trend? Youth violence is a serious issue, and there are many factors that contribute to youth violence; they are domestic violence, negative media and gangs. The truth is if a child grows up in an unhealthy household then there will more chances for he or she to grow up to be a violent person. Every day, a child witnesses an act of violence not only on television, but also in their own home, from their parents. A home is supposed to be a safe place where children learn how to love and relate to others. However, if they usually see violence in their parents relationship, they would assume that all relationship is always filled with violence. As a result, they look at their parents and think they have the right to do that too, so they will not care what parents have to say to them and just get ideas from the streets which are not good. That is why they are dropping out of school and just hanging out with their friends, which only brings them into trouble, lead to violence. How violence in the media contributes to the many other factors that lead to violent and aggressive behavior in youth? Most of the violence is directed mainly many children and adolescents. However, not every kid who partakes of violent TV shows, movies or video games will become a violent criminal. Two common effects from media are imitation and fear. Todays youth are constantly surrounded by significant acts of violence on TV, in movies, and in video games. Many experts in education and psychology believe that children are acting out what they see. The acts can easily be reacted due to constant exposure. For many children, TV and video games have become their primary role models. Unless parents and teachers take the time and responsibility to teach children respectful values, they will learn problem solving, coping skills and conflict resolution from video role models. Another result is they would be fear from watching unrated movies. Some movies that are meant for adults can be qu ite scary for younger kids, which can cause problems later on in the socialization process. The last common reason that causes youth violence is gangs. There are many of teenagers in gang, who come from bad friends, friends in gang. The only thing they want when join there is just to prove them, to be cool; even they have to fight or kill someone to get in it the gang. That is why they are always ready to do stupid things without thinking about the results, just to let their friends know that they are acting like a hero, a big brother in their group. Another reason is they are always thinking that they are lonely in this world, they have to do everything to survive and their gang friends are only people, who they can do everything and die for. For example, there was a horrific shooting in a Vietnamese restaurant a few months ago. A young guy came into the restaurant, and then he killed all the people around a table in the corner. The reason of his action was he hated a guy in the group of those people. The list of contributing factors to violent behavior in youths is never ending. One thing that the society should remember though is that not just one single factor can be linked to youth violence. To prevent youth violence enlarge, not only an individual do, but the society also has some responsibility to it. For example, the society should limit games and videos that have many violent scenes; parents should take care of their kids much more than at the present.

The Importance of Justice in Society Essay -- essays papers

The Importance of Justice in Society One component of the definition of justice is the final outcome of the process of the law, whereby justice is distributed by the State. According to this definition, justice is the mechanical process of the structure of law – set in place and agreed to by the people of the State. Another definition is concerned with the value inherent in ‘just’ behavior. One distinction between these two definitions is the difference between an individual viewpoint and the larger view of the society. Either view incorporates the concept of moral judgment; ‘good’ as opposed to ‘bad.’ Man has recognized the importance of justice in his society since the earliest of times. In order to serve justice, there has to be a law to settle differences among the people of the state. The history of law in relation to society reveals that humanity’s earliest efforts at lawmaking were prompted by the basic desire of self-preservation. Although engulfed by a society that necessitated such combinations as clans and tribes for protection, as well as for social and economic advancement, the nature of the individual led to the development of certain expressed general rights with regard to person and property1. Generally, these unwritten rules governing social and economic interaction recognized the right to defend oneself from injury as well as to enjoy property without outside interference. While sufficient for primitive societies, unwritten rules of social control were ineffective in a rapidly developing society. So, an effort was made to clarify them so that all the peop le would know their definitions, limits, and applications. After reading Fuller’s Speluncean Explorers fictional case and seeing the conflict... ...een the poor and rich, the weak and the strong. To fight poverty the state should spend more money on education, employment, and child welfare. The state must give the individual his rightful place of dignity as a free man equal to all his fellow men where he shall have the right to live under a rule of law based on a sense of obligation. In that society, respect for law must be the cohesive force holding it together and not mere obedience based on surrender to the weapons of state power. Bibliography: Fuller, Lon L. The Law as Literature. Wofford Press, Toronto. 1978. Swift, Jonatham. The Complete Works. Oxford Univesity Press, New York, 1987. Smith, Alexander B. Crime and Justice in a Mass Society. Xerox College Publication, Massachusetts, 1972. Waldron, Ronald J. The Criminal Justice System: an introduction. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1976.

A womans view Essay -- essays papers

A womans view A Women’s View There are a lot of specific cultural values that have been taught to women by society since birth. The three essays, â€Å"I Want a Wife† by Judy Syfers, â€Å"How the Superwoman Myth Puts Women Down† by Sylvia Rabiner, and â€Å"An Open Window On My Private World† by Jane Elizabeth Lemke are all written by women who share their experiences with us. The three essays explore the value of self, power, control, and life. First of all, in the essay, â€Å"I Want a Wife†, Judy Syfers exposes the meaning of â€Å"wife† presently in our society. Her argument is based on the premise that all wives are completely devoted to their husbands and are willing to tend to all their needs and satisfy them completely while working, being a good mother, and remaining gorgeous. Syfers reveals her definition of a wife in a very sarcastic and frustrated manner. Also, the style of the whole paper is very ironic. Almost as if she is screaming, she concludes her essay with, â€Å"My God, who wouldn’t want a wife?†(pg.648, 11). The cultural values portrayed in this essay are the value of control and the value of wanting to be loved. The value of control is portrayed in our society by the husband having the control and power over his wife. Because o f that control, t...

Red Balloons

The song I chose to do my project on is the song 99 Red Balloons, by the artist Gabriel Kernel, also known as Nana. This was one of the songs in the ‘ass to make the point about how the war really affected the citizens and the countries themselves. The theme of this song is that overreacting right away is a bad thing. It can cause damage to you and to everything else around you. This song is representing the fact that the United States and the Soviet Union were caught up in the Cold War and it caused many problems.The example in this song is that, what if a child let go off balloon and it went over the Berlin Wall to the Soviet's side? Without deciding what it was, they blew up the whole country of Germany. This could have happened because of something so silly like a balloon. It also describes how unlucky the citizens of Germany are. They are in the middle of all of this. If something was thrown over the wall, or a balloon floated over it, their lives would have been ruined o r they could have died because of it. The Soviet Union and the united States only thought about homeless.They were waiting for some kind of spark in the war so they would know when to fight. The meaning of this whole song Is that during the cold war, the Soviet union and the united States were always at the brink of a nuclear war. This song explains a great story about what might have happened if something floated over the Berlin wall to the Soviet Union's side. In this song, the balloons are mistaken by the Soviets as some unidentified object in the sky. Their military springs into action, creating a big, useless war that destroys their city. This was all because a bunch of balloons.The song ends on a hopeful note, when Nana sings the line â€Å"Eve found one more balloon. Think of you and let it fly,† that part shows that hope still remains, despite all that was lost. A lot of people believe that this was a song about protest, but in an interview with Nana, she explained th at the song was only meant to be a place to lighten the atmosphere of fear that the Cold War was bringing to Germany during the time she wrote it. This song makes me feel really sad about the way the woo superpowers would have Just destroyed their city like this and kill all of their innocent civilians.The minute they say these unidentified objects coming their way, they Immediately shot and blew up their city. I feel awful for the poor families who could not do anything or escape from harm's way. There was always a threat of nuclear war looming in the air. People who lived through the cold war were always at a risk of nuclear war breaking out. Children had frequent drills. They were taught what to do in case an atomic bomb went off. People must have been living in days filled with fear. The united States tried to have a period of dtenet which lasted for a while, but It did not end the war. Hen I first heard the song, It made me sad that a couple of kids could have caused that much destruction by letting go some balloons. I am very thankful that I did not have to go through what they went through for over 44 years. Ready to launch a surprise nuclear attack to them and their allies. They had a new alert system called the RYAN that provided important information to them, like warning before the attack comes. Two years later in 1983, the year the song 99 Red Balloons came out, the Soviet Union's RYAN tracker spotted something.Some observers dismissed the alert and the war scare but others were not sure. The latter view seems to have been closer to the truth. These developments, along with the new United States management's tough stance toward the USSR, prompted Soviet officials and much of the populace to voice concern over the prospect of a US nuclear attack. But there really was no attack that was necessary to deal with. Like in the song 99 Red Balloons, they overreacted again, but this time to something that was not even there.

Kant defines God as simply the idea

Kant defines God as simply the idea (in his technical sense of idea) or analogical image of systematic unity. As an existent, ‘God' is a natural illusion. We can have no cognition of God or an underlying substratum because such concepts transcend the conditions of possible experience. In the phenomenal realm, God or the ens realissimum, an individual being containing â€Å"the sum-total of all possibilities† or all predicates of things in general – can be characterized only negatively. God is not an object and as such can be cognized only by analogy with nature. It is by means of this analogy that there remains a concept of the Supreme Being sufficiently determined for us, though we have left out everything that could determine it absolutely and it itself.In his analysis of the conditions of the possible cognition of objects Kant distinguishes between different kinds of judgments. In doing so, he is examining what type of cognitions make up, or could make up, the concept of God or any other metaphysical consideration. Kant does not divide propositions, as traditionally done, into the empirical and the a priori. Instead, Kant talks about judgments, propositions that are held by a subject. Kant argues that all judgments are either analytic or synthetic, and either a priori or a posteriori. Analytic judgments are those in which the predicate inheres in the subject or is presupposed by it. Synthetic judgments are those in which the predicate is not in the subject.A priori in the Kantian sense means held before experience, or what can be held without experience. A posteriori means dependent on and derived from experience. Kant's analysis of judgments has implications for the analysis of metaphysical concepts such as God. If metaphysics is at all possible, then its judgments cannot be empirical or a posteriori. Nor can they be analytic, since this would be contrary to the very idea of going beyond what is given – something that metaphysics claims as its defining characteristic.In its traditional guise, the cosmological proof is premised upon finite and contingent being or, more to the point, conditioned being.   What is conditioned has conditions, and the mind is naturally led to infer condition from conditioned without limit.   The only possible way to end this regress (and thereby to satisfy understanding) is by positing unconditioned being.   Kant expresses the proof as follows:   â€Å"If anything exists, an absolutely necessary being must also exist.   Now I, at least, exist.   Therefore an absolutely necessary being exists†. Without absolutely necessary (i.e., unconditioned) being to end the regress of causes, there is no completeness to the series and no satisfaction for understanding.On the otherhand, Hegel’s ultimate aim in discussing the proofs for the existence of God (viz., the cosmological, teleological, and ontological) is to remove what he calls the ‘distortion’ ev ident in their popular exposition. Hegel takes this distortion to be the well-spring of Kant’s widely accepted refutation of the proofs.   Hegel explains, â€Å"our task is to restore the proofs of God’s existence to a position of honor by stripping away that distortion†Ã‚   Kant’s damning attack, then, is not directly met by Hegel.The Kantian criticisms were, for Hegel, by and large warranted given his construal of the proofs.   Hegel’s aim is rather to recast the nature of these proofs (and proof in general).   Hegel accomplishes this end is quite naturally in light of his reformulation of metaphysics.   His subsequent reintroduction of the proofs is one that is able to avoid Kant’s refutation – a refutation which Hegel thinks is based upon a mistaken view of human conception.There is very little regarding Kant’s analysis that Hegel finds objectionable given Kant’s rendition of the proofs.   Rather than refut e Kant directly, Hegel is far more concerned that we see these proofs in their ‘true and proper form’.   According to Hegel, Kant â€Å"failed to recognize the deeper basis upon which these proofs rest, and so was unable to do justice to their true elements†. In each case, Hegel agrees, the infinite is supposed to be reached from a starting-point which is finite.   This transition, however, is not the static formal mediation Kant believes it to be.   Hegel explains, This knowledge of God, is inwardly a movement; more precisely, it is an elevation to God.   We express religion essentially as an elevation, a passing over from one content to another.   It is the finite content from which we pass over to God, from which we relate ourselves to the absolute, infinite content and pass over to it .Returning to the proofs themselves, Hegel finds that they evidence the progression of human thought itself.   Kant was in part correct in his claim that the ontolog ical proof is the battlefield on which the outcome of the war is to be determined.   For Hegel, the ontological proof is the most profound achievement of spirit.   It comes late in the historical play of appearances for this reason.   For Hegel, furthermore, the deficiencies particular to each of the earlier proofs are very nearly the ones pointed out by Kant.The cosmological proof has as its point of departure the nonsystematic cognition of the world (i.e., the world is not seen as Nature). â€Å"By the term world we understand the aggregate of material things.† In this mode of proof, consideration is first given to the being of variety, flux, and contingency evidenced by this aggregate.   â€Å"This is the kind of starting-point from which the spirit raises itself to God†.   This elevation, as already discussed, is impossible if one affirms this contingency. Further, to affirm the contingency of the world is to overlook its self-negating character.This next proof is so similar to the first that it seems unnecessary to consider it in great detail.   There are, however, also some distinctive insights worth mentioning.   Again, the proof departs from an apprehension of finitude – in this case determinate finitude.   â€Å"There is finite being on one side, though it is not just abstractly defined, or defined only as being, but rather as being that has within it the more substantial determination of being something physically alive†.   The negation of finitude is, again, at the same time an elevation and affirmation.The ontological proof also finds its point of departure in finitude.   In this case, finitude appears in the form of subjectivity.   Progress is not to be had by affirming the finitude of the mere conception of God.   Such an affirmation amounts to a reduction of all conception to mere representation.   This finitude of consciousness (in which consciousness is construed as subject in contradistinc tion to object) must, of course, be negated.   Conception must be cast in its true and proper light.This final proof is the culmination of millennia of progress in the realm of consciousness for Hegel.   â€Å"Only when spirit has grown to its highest freedom and subjectivity does it grasp this thought of God as something subjective and arrive at this antithesis of subjectivity and objectivity†.   It is natural that the earlier proofs should therefore fall short of their mark.   This elevation fits naturally into Hegel’s larger system for understanding the history of religion, consciousness, being, and culture.   Indeed, Hegel explains, â€Å"Even within the Christian era it was not accomplished for a long time, because it involves the most profound descent of spirit into itself†.

A Surrogate Motherhood, Pros and Cons

A Surrogate Motherhood, Pros and Cons A surrogate mother means a woman who agrees to have a child for a couple who are childless because of infertility or not able of having a child due to a number of physical dilemmas. The procedure engages artificial insemination method, whereby the husband’s sperm is transferred and the surrogate mother accepts it. That is why the surrogate mother is still considered as the real mother of the child. However, in case of gestational surrogacy, the wife is fertile but not competent of giving birth due to some medical problems, it is called in-vitro fertilization technology.The wife’s eggs and her husband’s sperm are used and the resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother. The concept of surrogate motherhood is becoming very accepted way of infertile couples to have a child of their own. Although it is an act of love, it also involves financial aid. Surrogate mothers are obviously paid for bearing a ch ild inside their wombs. A couple who wants to hire a service of a surrogate mother must also consider the kind of personality of the surrogate mother. We all know that the genes have larger effect on the baby’s personality someday.Another very important ground for the rise in surrogacy is the progression in medical technology. It is more secure and successful unlike other medical technologies available. However there are some authorized and moral issues concerned with surrogacy that needs to be discussed. Legal procedure: The process for becoming a surrogate mother is not easy. There have to be convinced medical tests such as Hysteroscopy, this kind of test is done to make sure if fallopian tubes are clear or not, and physical conditions of the uterus is also take in consideration.Before the fertilization process, the surrogate mother should know her legal rights and before signing a contract, a service and a legal adviser or lawyer is necessary to make sure that the right of the surrogate mother will not be neglected by the couple involved. Ethical issues: Surrogacy perception brings quite a lot of controversies, although things are changing with time. Some of them are: the surrogate mother may decide to take the baby without the concern of the couple involve. Surrogacy could be considered as human trafficking. Percentage of the society that accepts the concept of surrogacy.Sometimes, guilt arise to the surrogate mother and the emotion enclosed in it arise when you least expect it. Especially, if there are papers and money issue involves in the process of surrogacy. In spite of the authorized and moral issues concerning surrogacy, still it is a new hope for childless women and family around the world which they can have through surrogate mothers. Deciding on Surrogacy Surrogacy makes it possible for childless couples to have a child with genes from either one or both of them. This is why couples often choose surrogacy over adoption.Surrogacy is a viabl e option for couples when one is infertile, when the woman may be fertile but unhealthy to bear a child, or for gay couples. One of the disadvantages of surrogacy is the potential emotional and psychological roller-coaster rides couples go through. Furthermore, they also have to deal with trying to convince family members and close friends that this is the right thing to do. The couples may take a while to assess their situation and consider all the factors before they can make their final decision, which can take a toll on their daily lives.Surrogacy is a very controversial subject. Some religious organizations forbid their members from participating in surrogacy, no matter how desperate they are to have a child. Whatever the reason that couples might consider surrogacy, they must carefully weigh the pros and cons before proceeding. There are different factors that people who are considering surrogacy have to go through, from the time to decide whether they would go forward with it , to choosing the surrogate mother, the procedures involved, the fees required and the overall time frame.Each of these factors has its own pros and cons. Why is it that every time someone mentions the topic of surrogacy, giant waves of powerful emotions come washing in from both pro and con surrogacy camps? One of the reasons is that surrogacy is balancing on a very sharp ethical edge when mixing the perceived sacred process of reproduction and having children with work and money. Many people believe that these two domains should not mix. I'm neither pro nor con surrogacy. I'm just interested in exploring the philosophical and emotional dimensions of the ethics of surrogacy.I will now present the pros and cons of surrogacy. I will not comment on them or judge them; I will just list them and then leave the opinion making of the ethics of surrogacy open. Pros Surrogacy allows a woman to give the gift of parenthood to a couple who would otherwise not have been able to experience it, e ither due to infertility or inability to adopt a child. In some cases, the surrogate can also obtain monetary compensation for her services. Cons Surrogacy involves a lengthy and medically invasive process for the surrogate mother.It can also involve guilt on the part of the surrogate mother for giving up her baby; in some cases, this guilt leads to the surrogate changing her mind. Additionally, there are a myriad of legalities involved. Having a surrogate mother Pros †¢No physical pain of child birth. †¢No pregnant belly being in your way all the time. †¢ Still be able to work. Cons †¢No experience of the full pregnancy first hand †¢Constant worry about what the surrogate is doing. As a conclusion I want to give my opinion, surrogacy is a good way for some women to help others that can not have a baby.Before deciding to pursue surrogacy as an option for having a child, it’s wise for couples to spend some time considering both the pros and cons of the issue. Surrogate motherhood enables infertile couples to have children and fulfill their parenthood dream. Many infertile couples turn to surrogate mother rather than to adoption. The reason is because surrogate motherhood is a better form of alternative than adoption, as surrogate motherhood ensures the child is biologically related to the commissioning parents.References The ethics of surrogacy: women's reproductive labor. Journal of medical ethics, 1995; 21: 345-349 http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1376831/pdf/jmedeth00299-0027. pdf Ethical Problems Surrounding Surrogate Motherhood: http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2000/7/00. 07. 05. x. html Wisegeek. com: http://www. wisegeekhealth. com/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-surrogacy. htm